??? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ???????. ???????? ?? ??????. ???? ????? ?? ???????. ????? ????? ??????. ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???????. ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????. ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????. ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????. ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??????. ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?? 1 ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? (????)? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????.
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???????? ??? ??? 1972? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???????. ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????. ???? 40 ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? 1 ??? 27 ??? 1 ??? 3.
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”??? ???????? ?????????“ ?? ????????? ???????? ”???? ????? ?????? ??????“? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????. ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ”???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????“. ???? ?????? ?????? ”???? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ????????“([2]).
???????? ?????? ”?????? ????“ ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ??????. ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????. ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? 2007? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?? 1.75 ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????.
???????? ????? ?? ????? ”?????? ????“? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? 5 ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ”????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????“. ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????.
???????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? 5.
???????? ?????? 5-2: ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????????.
???????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????. ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? 2005? ?????? ???? ????? 50 ?? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?? 15 ?????.
???????? ”????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????“ ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????. ??? ???? ????? ”?????? ????“ ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? 65000 ?? ????????? ????????. ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ???????.
???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? 90 ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??????
???? ?? ????? 87 ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????????
???? ?? ?????? ???? 97 ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????([3]).
?????? 5-3: ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????.
???????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????. ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????([4]) ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??????? (??? ?????? ??????? ?? 15 ??? 19 ?????) ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????([5]). ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? 23 ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????. ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????????? ????([6]).
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???????? ?????? 5-5: ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ???????.
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???????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ????. ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????. ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ??????. ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ”???????? ????“? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ”????“? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????.
???????? ???????? ????? ??????. ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????. ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????. ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????????. ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???????. ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????. ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????.
???????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????. ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ???????? 10 ? 13 ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????.
???????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????. ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????.
?
???????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ????? (????? ”?????? ????“)? ????? ??????? (????? ??? ????? ?? ????????)? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? - ????? (Hogan Lovells).
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???????
?????? ([1]) Phoebe Clarke and Ian Ayres, “The Chastain effect: using Title IX to measure the causal effect of participating in high school sports on adult women’s social lives”, The Journal of Socio-Economics, vol.?48 (February 2014), pp. 62-71? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? .
??? ([2]) ?????? ????? ???????? 70 ? 63. ????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? Reed W. Larson ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????????. ????Reed W. Larson of the University of Illinois, analyzing the development of initiative in the best suited contexts, such as sports, arts and participation in organizations. See Reed W. Larson, “Toward a psychology of positive youth development”, American Psychologist, vol. 55, No. 1
(January 2000), pp. 170-83.
??? ([3]) Women Win, “Building young women’s leadership through sport, 2013?2015”, Programme Evaluation ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????: (??????? ???? ?? 29 ??????/ ??????2016).
??? ([4]) Sanyukta Mathur, Margaret Greene and Anju Malhotra, “Too young to wed: the lives, rights, and health of young married girls”, Research report (Washington, D.C., The International Center for Research on Women, 2003). ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????: .
??? ([5]) ????? ????? ??????? ??????? (????????)? The?United Nations Children's Fund?(UNICEF), Child Protection, Child Marriage: Current Status + Progress, Child marriage is a violation of human rights, but is all too common. Updated June 2016. ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????: (??????? ???? ?? 29 ??????/ ????? 2016).
??? ([6]) Anju Malhotra and others, “Solutions to end child marriage: what the evidence shows”, Research report (Washington, D.C., The International Center for Research on Women, 2011) ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? .
??? ([7]) ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ”????? ??? ????? ???????“ ??? ?????? ??????: (??????? ???? ?? 29 ??????/ ????? 2016).
??? ([8]) International Olympic Committee, “Women in the Olympic Movement”, Factsheet (Lausanne, 2016). ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????: .
