8 ??????/ ????? 2020
????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ?? 8 ??????/?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????. ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? (SDG) 14 ?????? ?????? "?????? ??? ?????". ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????. ???? ????? ??????? ???????? 2020 ????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???.
????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????-19 ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????: ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????. ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????. ?? ???? 99 ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??????. ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????-19 - ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? - ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????. ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? ????????: ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????.
?? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????.
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????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??. ???? ?????? 50 ?? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? 93 ?? ????? ?? ??????? ????????4 ???????? ??? 20-30 ?? ????? ?? ???????? ???????5 ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????. ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????????????
???????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????. ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??? 2019. 6 ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? 4.5 ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????????.7 ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????. ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???. ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????.8 ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????.
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?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? 14 ?? ????? ??????? ????????? - ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? 2020 - ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????. ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????-19. ???? ?????? 14.6 ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? 2020. ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????.9 ???? ???????? 22.2 ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????????.10 ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????.
??? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? 2020? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? 2015. ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???????. ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????. ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????. ??? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? (MPAs) ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????.
?????? ??? 5.3 ?? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? - ?1.2 ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? - ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????.11 ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? 14.5 ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??? 10 ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? 2020? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? 30 ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? 2030 - ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? 2020. ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????????.
?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????. ??? ?? ???? 25 ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? 7 ?????? ???????2 ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????/ ??????. ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??? 18.3 ????? ?????.12
?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???
??? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????????. ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ?????????? ???????. ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????????. ?????? ????? 14 ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ???????. ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????. ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????.
???????
1 ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? 2018: ????? ????? ??????? ????????? (????? 2018)? ???????? 2? 70. ???? ??? ?????? ??????: .
2 ???? ?????? "?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????: ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????"? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????????? 19 ????/ ???? 2020. ???? ??? ?????? ??????: .
3 ????? ??????? ????????? "??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????"? ????? (ScienceDaily) ??????/ ????? 2018. ???? ??? ?????? ??????: .
4 ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????: ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? (?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? 2016)? ???? 61. ???? ??? ?????? ??????: .
5 ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? "???? ????? ????????"? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? (IPCC) ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? (2019)? ???? 9. ???? ??? ?????? ??????:
6 ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? (WMO) ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? 2019 (????? 2020)? ???? 10. ???? ??? ?????? ??????:
7 ????? ???????? ??????? "?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????Science))? ??????. 359? ????? 6371 (5 ????? ??????/ ????? 2018). ???? ??? ??????: .
8 ?????? ?. ?????? ??????? "????? ???? ?????? ???????"? ????? (Nature)? ?????? 580 (?????/ ????? 2020). ???? ??? ?????? ??????:
9 ????? ??????? ????????? "??????? ???? ??? ????? ???????". ??????? ???????. ???? ??? ?????? ??????: .
10 ???? ???? ????? ??????? "????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????"? ???? (Marine Policy)? ?????? 109 (????? ??????/ ?????? 2019). ???? ??? ?????? ??????: .
11 ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????. ???? ??? ?????? ??????: (?? ?????? ???? ?? 16 ????/ ???? 2020).
12 ????? ???????? "???? ??????: ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? 18.3 ????? ?????"? ????? ????? ???????? 7 ????/ ?????? 2020. ???? ??? ?????? ??????: .
????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????. ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???????. ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????.
