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§²§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ñ §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§à§Ó§à§Û §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú, §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Û §ã§Ò§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ß§ã§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ö §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Þ§Ú §ï§ä§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ú §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ§Ú §Ô§â§å§á§á§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§í§Þ §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§Ö§Þ §Õ§Ý§ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ý§Ú§Ü§ä§à§Ó, §å§Ü§â§Ö§á§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ §Ú §á§à§ã§ä§â§à§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ö§Þ§à§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ú. §³§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ú §Ô§å§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ä§Ñ§â§ß§í§ç §ß§Ñ§å§Ü §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §á§à§Þ§à§ë§î §Ý§Ú§è§Ñ§Þ, §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ §Ù§Ñ §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§Ú§Ö §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Û, §Ó §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ü§Ú §Ü§à§ß§ã§ä§Ú§ä§å§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §â§Ñ§Þ§à§Ü §Ú §Þ§ß§à§Ô§à§Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§å§â§ß§à§Û §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ó §è§Ö§Ý§ñ§ç §ã§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ú§â§ß§à§Þ§å §ã§à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §ï§ä§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ§Ú §Ú §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§à§Ó§í§Þ§Ú §Ô§â§å§á§á§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §á§à§Ú§ã§Ü§Ñ §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§à§Ó §â§Ñ§Ù§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§å§â§ß§à§Û §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ú §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ §à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§à§Þ §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§Û §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Õ§Ö§Þ§à§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §å§é§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ú §Õ§Ö§Þ§à§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §á§à§Ý§Ú§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§å§â§í.

§±§à§à§ë§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ §æ§Ú§Ý§à§ã§à§æ§ã§Ü§à§Û §Þ§í§ã§Ý§Ú, §Þ§Ö§Ø§Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§å§â§ß§í§ç §Õ§Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§Ú§Û §Ú §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ý§à§Ô§Ñ §á§à §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§Ñ§Þ

§³§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ú §Ô§å§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ä§Ñ§â§ß§í§ç §ß§Ñ§å§Ü §ã§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§å§Ö§ä §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §Õ§Ú§ã§Ü§å§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §Ú §Þ§Ö§Ø§Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§å§â§ß§à§Þ§å §Õ§Ú§Ñ§Ý§à§Ô§å §á§à §Þ§ß§à§Ô§Ú§Þ §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§Þ §Ñ§ã§á§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ§Þ §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§à§Ó §Ú §Þ§ß§à§Ô§à§ñ§Ù§í§é§Ú§ñ, §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ñ §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§í §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Õ§Ñ. §¯§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, §Ó §â§Ñ§Þ§Ü§Ñ§ç §Þ§Ö§Ø§ã§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ô§Ú§Ú §À§¯§¦§³§¬§° §á§à §æ§Ú§Ý§à§ã§à§æ§Ú§Ú (2006 §Ô.) §à§ã§à§Ò§í§Û §å§á§à§â §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ß §ß§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ü§Ú §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§à§Õ§å §æ§Ú§Ý§à§ã§à§æ§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä.

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  • International Journal on Multicultural Societies (§®§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Û §Ø§å§â§ß§Ñ§Ý §á§à §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§Ñ§Þ §Þ§ß§à§Ô§à§Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§å§â§ß§í§ç §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó) (§á§å§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ü§å§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §³§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â§à§Þ §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ú §Ô§å§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ä§Ñ§â§ß§í§ç §ß§Ñ§å§Ü ¡ª SHS) §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §á§Ý§Ñ§ä§æ§à§â§Þ§å §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §á§à §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ñ§Þ §Þ§Ú§Ô§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §Þ§ß§à§Ô§à§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§Ú§ñ §Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§å§â §Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ó §Þ§Ö§ß§î§ê§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó. §£ §â§ñ§Õ§Ö §Ó§í§á§å§ã§Ü§à§Ó §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §Ø§å§â§ß§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§î §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§í §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§à§Ó §Ú §Þ§ß§à§Ô§à§ñ§Ù§í§é§Ú§ñ (§ß§Ñ§á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â, ?§Á§Ù§í§Ü§à§Ó§í§Ö §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ß§Ö§à§ä§ì§Ö§Þ§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ñ §é§Ñ§ã§ä§î §á§â§Ñ§Ó §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ?, 2001 §Ô.) §Ú §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §Ó§í§á§å§ã§Ü §Ò§í§Ý §á§à§ã§Ó§ñ§ë§Ö§ß §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§à§Ó §Ó §ª§ß§ä§Ö§â§ß§Ö§ä§Ö (§®§¨§®§°, 2004 §Ô.). §¢§Ñ§Ù§à§Ó§à§Ö §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §Õ§Ý§ñ §á§à§Õ§Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§Ü§Ú §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §Ó§í§á§å§ã§Ü§Ñ §Ò§í§Ý§à §á§â§à§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§à §Ó §â§Ñ§Þ§Ü§Ñ§ç §Ú§ß§Ú§è§Ú§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§í B@bel.
  • §­§Ö§Ü§ã§Ú§Ü§Ñ §Ô§à§â§à§Õ§Ñ (City Words) ¡ª §ã§à§Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§í§Û §á§â§à§Ö§Ü§ä §³§Ö§Ü§ä§à§â§Ñ §Ú §¶§â§Ñ§ß§è§å§Ù§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ß§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §è§Ö§ß§ä§â§Ñ §ß§Ñ§å§é§ß§í§ç §Ú§ã§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û (§¸§¯§²§³), §Ó §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Þ §å§é§Ñ§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ä §å§é§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ, §à§ç§Ó§Ñ§ä§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö 12 §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§à§Ó§í§ç §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ö§Û (§¡§æ§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ, §â§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß §Ñ§â§Ñ§Ò§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó, §¬§Ú§ä§Ñ§Û, §¹§Ö§ê§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §²§Ö§ã§á§å§Ò§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ñ, §¤§Ö§â§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ, §ª§ß§Õ§Ú§ñ, §ª§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ñ, §Á§á§à§ß§Ú§ñ, §­§Ñ§ä§Ú§ß§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §¡§Þ§Ö§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ, §³§Ö§Ó§Ö§â§ß§Ñ§ñ §¡§Þ§Ö§â§Ú§Ü§Ñ, §²§à§ã§ã§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §¶§Ö§Õ§Ö§â§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ú §ª§ã§á§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ). §£ §â§Ñ§Þ§Ü§Ñ§ç §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §á§â§à§Ö§Ü§ä§Ñ §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Þ§Ñ§ä§â§Ú§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Ö §ä§Ö§Þ§í, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û §ß§à§Ó§í§ç §Ô§à§â§à§Õ§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §â§Ñ§Û§à§ß§à§Ó, §Ü§Ý§Ñ§ã§ã§Ú§æ§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ô§à§â§à§Õ§à§Ó §Ú §Ô§à§â§à§Õ§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §è§Ö§ß§ä§â§à§Ó, §ã§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à-§Ý§Ú§ß§Ô§Ó§Ú§ã§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §â§Ö§Ö§ã§ä§â§à§Ó, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §à§ä§ã§Ý§Ö§Ø§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §æ§à§â§Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§à§Ó§à§Û §Ú §ä§Ö§ç§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §ä§Ö§â§Þ§Ú§ß§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§Ú §ß§Ñ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ö §Ú§Ù§å§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à§Ó§ã§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ó§ß§í§ç §Ü§à§ß§ä§Ñ§Ü§ä§à§Ó, §â§Ñ§ã§á§â§à§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ô§à§â§à§Õ§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ý§Ö§Ü§ã§Ú§Ü§Ú §Ó §â§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß§Ö §³§â§Ö§Õ§Ú§Ù§Ö§Þ§ß§à§Þ§à§â§î§ñ §Ú §à§Ò§Þ§Ö§ß§à§Ó §Ó §ï§ä§à§Û §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú.

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